60Co射线能有效地杀灭中药材中成药中的细菌,使之达到卫生标准,《美国药典》1985年版规定2.5KGY为有效灭菌剂量。20世纪50年代以来,国际上进行了大量辐照灭菌实验,现在一些过来已经规定了辐照灭菌的药品种类及剂量。我国20世纪70年代中期国家科委牵头组织科研、教学生产和检验等部门进行60Co辐照灭菌重要的实验研究。1997年卫生部发布了《60Co辐射灭菌标准》(内部实行),该法简便易行,是中药制剂达到微生物限度标准的辅助方法之一,近年来微生物限度检查被载入《中国药典》。
1 辐照灭菌对药品质量的影响
多种芳香性中药材如川芎、肉桂、檀香、木香、阳春砂、豆蔻等,经剂量10KGY辐照后,外观无明显变化,其挥发性油含量及挥发性油主峰含量均无显著变化。非挥发性药材如人参、毛姜、桔梗,经10 KGY辐照后,其主要成分的含量,如人参中的人参皂苷含量,毛姜中橙皮苷的含量,桔梗中皂苷的含量均无显著变化。动物蛋白类的羚羊角粉经10 KGY辐照后,其17种氨基酸的含量均无显著变化。蜂蜜中含多种氨基酸、有机酸、酶及维生素B,E等,经10 KGY辐照后,多种氨基酸、有机酸(10羟基癸烯酸)、酶无明显降低,但维生素B,E含量有所降低。如辐照剂量为5 KGY,则蜂蜜主要成分的含量无明显变化。中成药如排石冲剂、板蓝根冲剂、消炎丸、消肿片、乌鸡白凤丸、猴头菌片、牛黄消炎丸、穿心莲片、活络丹等,经10 KGY辐照后,主要成分、性能、药效等均无显著变化。据报道60Co灭菌会使某些样品颜色改变(往往加深),如盐酸麻黄碱和盐酸青藤碱,变化较明显[1]。地塞米松片和卡托普利糖衣片经5 KGY照射,两种片剂的颜色由照前的白色变为照后的粉红色,而且照前无臭,照后有臭味[2]。WHO规定辐照灭菌物品的吸收剂量不得大于10 KGY。一些研究显示:有些药物的有效成分受60Co辐射的影响,且随剂量的加大而增加[3]。辐照灭菌的剂量超过10 KGY时,对全天麻胶囊的外观有影响[4]。封秀娥[5]用2~5 KGY辐照中药珍珠、天竺黄,具氨基酸含量未见明显改变,而用10 KGY辐照,氨基酸的含量大幅度降低;用10 KGY辐照大黄,有效成分总蒽醌含量明显减少。经分析认为,由于辐照引起溶媒(水)水解产生高活性的自由基,这些自由基与一些药品中成分发生氧化还原反应,故而出现上述现象。王晖等[6]用10 KGY以下的剂量辐照蜂王浆时,其pH值、还原糖、蛋白质、氨基酸、10羟基D2癸烯酸的含量与辐照前均无明显影响。董昱等[7]用8 KGY的剂量对黄柏、益母草、钩藤、白芷、川芎等药材进行辐照,经岛津薄层扫描(TLC)测定,其Rf值醇溶性成分的含量与辐照前无显著差异。郑钩镛等[8]采用气相色谱(GC)以4 KGY的剂量辐照,莪术、薄荷、羌活等药材及蜜丸中挥发油的含量与辐照前一致。许钱等[9]以8 KGY的剂量对黄芩、马钱子等药材进行辐照,通过紫外线分光光度法(UV)对其主要成分(黄芩素、的士宁碱)进行含量测定,结果与辐照前无显著差异。刘巍等[10]以《美国药典》规定的高剂量有效灭菌25 KGY,中剂量10 KGY,低剂量4 KGY、2 KGY对牛黄清心丸、六味地黄丸、琥珀抱龙丸、牛黄消炎片、牛黄解毒片、维C银翘片进行辐照。结果表明,用25 KGY剂量辐照样品,对样品的理化性质及含量影响较明显,如辐照前后牛黄清心丸含量由0.63%降至0.42%,六味地黄丸的含量由0.08%降至0.03%,琥珀抱龙丸含量由118 mg/丸降至112 mg/丸,牛黄消炎片含量由0.21%降至0.16%,且成品的颜色均加深;用10 KGY、4 KGY、2 KGY辐照,除对牛黄消炎片、牛黄解毒片、维C银翘片等片剂的颜色影响较大外,对产品的其它理化性质及含量影响非常小。因此,在不影响蜜丸理化性质的条件下,应采用4 KGY辐照灭菌较为适宜,选用2 KGY剂量辐照片剂即可达到满意的灭菌效果。
2 辐照剂量的有关影响
辐照可穿透玻璃、塑料等,辐照剂量低时,外观无变化,当剂量超过10 KGY时,无色透明玻璃瓶个别变为棕褐色、蓝紫色,白色低密度聚乙烯塑料瓶大部分变为黄米色。王晖[6]证实,箱体的厚度在20~30 cm时,能达到无菌要求,箱体厚度不超过30 cm为宜。有资料报道辐照前后的药材远志、地黄以及马钱子、元胡、苦杏仁、黄芩、大黄、番泻叶、绵萆、芦荟等药材及蜜丸定性前后一致。李耀维[11]报道,辐照剂量10 KGY以下时,不影响板蓝根的抗毒素作用,当剂量为20 KGY时能明显降低其作用。周学优[12]对经0.4 KGY辐照的如意金黄散跟踪检验2年,检验结果是细菌、霉菌总数均在10个/g以下,未检出致病菌,保持着初始的灭菌状态。许强对辐照后的健肾胶囊进行了检验,证实了以上结论。
3 影响灭菌效果的因素
影响辐射灭菌效果的因素较多,如微生物种群不同,对辐照的抵抗力也不同;在干燥情况下比有水分、潮湿的情况耐辐照;中药材里所含的某些化学成分在辐照时对细菌具有保护作用。一些蜜丸经辐照灭菌前后菌群数仍居高不下,和这些影响因素可能也有关系。杨欣等[13]曾对15批某动物原料药做过60Co辐照灭菌前后的细菌数比较,发现该原料药经辐照后部分细菌数降低;有一些细菌生长收到抑制,菌落较小,但数量降低同谋不大;有6批样品辐照后对金黄色葡萄球菌未再检出,大肠杆菌仍能检出。这些情况说明,同剂量辐照对金黄色葡萄球菌产生的生物效应强,可使细菌致死;而对大肠杆菌的生物效应弱,细胞未被杀死。《美国药典》也指出对生产的早期和中间阶段进行监测,重点是原料,尤其是动、植物来源和天然矿物原料,它们往往含有后期生产过程中不易杀死的有害微生物。电离辐照对细菌的杀灭作用最强,其次是霉菌、酵母菌,再其次为细菌芽孢,以对病毒的杀灭作用最差,在辐照灭菌中,杀灭90%微生物所需的辐射剂量称为D10值。各类微生物的D10值见表1。《60Co辐照灭菌标准》规定:此方法仅用于国内流通中药的灭菌,并指出60Co辐照仅是中药灭菌的辅助手段,允许辐照灭菌的药材有203种,其中允许低剂量(3 KGY)辐照的药材品种有5个,中成药品种70多个,多半为药典收载及部颁布品种,不允许辐照的药材品种有2个(含龙胆苦苷的药材如秦艽、龙胆及其制品),辐照灭菌的最大吸收剂量规定:散剂、片剂≤3 KGY,丸剂≤5 KGY,中药原料粉≤6 KGY,这些数据是基于大量科研实验确认之结果[14]。
表1 各类微生物的D10值(略)
药品进行辐照灭菌所需的辐照剂量取决于药物的耐辐照程度、污染微生物的种类和辐照前的原始菌落(N)及合格产品的含菌指标(N0)。最小的辐照剂量可由下式得出:Dmin=D10log(N/N0),只要在该剂量下,药品的辐照分解变化可忽略不计或在允许范围之内,则该药品是可以进行辐照灭菌处理的。综上所述,辐照灭菌有很多优点,如穿透力强,灭菌效果好,并适用于不能高温灭菌的药物以及包装材料等,但关键在于辐照剂量的选择,也有的药物如硫酸延胡乙素,香豆素不能采用辐照灭菌,否则其成分发生变化,如须采用辐照灭菌,则被辐照的药物应有定性定量指标,以最小的剂量,达到最大的灭菌效果,保证药物成分及其含量不变,保证药物质量。
参考文献:
[1] Zhou X S, Hang C, Wang J.quality changes in certain drugs after sterilization with 60Co radiation[J].中国药事,1993,7(5):318.
[2] Chen G M, Tan X H, Lou M. quality observation of certain Chinese herbal drugs after sterilization with 60Co radiation[J]. 中草药,1981,12(12):13.
[3] Zhang Z W, Optimum dosage of sterilization with 60Co radiation and it effect on quality and effect change of drugs[J].中国药房,1998,9(2):87.
[4] Liu z. The determination sterilization dosage for pure Gastrodia Elate Capsule and the assay improvement of Gastrodinum concentration in Gastrodia Elate[J].现代应用药学,1997,14(3):13.
[5] Fen X E. Studies on Gypsum Fibrosum, Margarita and Concretio Silicea Bambusae treated by 60Co radiation sterilization[J].药物分析杂志,1990,10(5):276.
[6] 王 晖,王 丽.蜂王浆辐照灭菌技术研究[J].中草药,1992,23(6):297.
[7] 董 昱,钟海洛.钴60Coγ射线辐照对中药醇溶成分影响的TLC分析[J].中国中药杂志,1993,18(6):339.
[8] 郑钧镛.药物微生物学及检验技术[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,1989:408.
[9] 许 强,田文茹.辐照灭菌对中药及其制剂质量的影响[J].基层中药杂志,1997,11(2):23.
[10] 刘 巍,张 斌,张 弘,等.60Coγ辐照灭菌对八种中成药理化性质的影响[J].中医药学报,1997,1:47.
[11] 李耀维.辐射对板兰根抗内毒素作用的影响[J].中国药房,1995,3(45):40.
[12] 周学优.钩滕钴60Co辐射灭菌前后生物活性比较实验[J].中成药,1995,3:143.
[13] 杨 欣,郭艳丰,李秋菲,等.60Co辐射灭菌中药制剂有关问题探讨[J].中草药,2003,34(5):9.
[14] The Ministry of Public Health.Dosage Standard of Radiation Sterilization with 60Co for Pure Chinese Herbal Drug[J].60Co辐照中药灭菌剂量标准(内部试行)[S].1997:2.
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
GEX辐照灭菌指示标签
|